The fundamental notion of multi-tasking operating systems is the process. Nothing prevents the same program is executed several times simultaneously: one may want, for example, two windows emacs or two gv windows to compare texts. A process is a program instance being run. A process is represented by a program the code , but also its data and by parameters indicating where it is, allowing it to continue if it is interrupted execution stack, program counter ….
We talk about the program environment. A process is also called task in the case of Linux. Most multi-tasking operating systems are implemented on a computer having a single microprocessor.
This one, at a given moment, really runs one program, but the system can do switch from one program to another by running each program for several tens of milliseconds; This gives users the impression all programs are executed simultaneously. This is called system timeshare. Some call pseudo-parallel this very rapid switching of a processor program to another, to differentiate it from true parallelism that occurs at the equipment when the processor works in conjunction with some of input-output devices.
Conceptually, each process has its own virtual processor. Of course, the real processor switches between multiple processes. But to understand the system, it is pre-preferable to think of a set of processes that are running in pseudo parallel rather that the allocation of the processor between different processes.
This rapid switching is applied multi-programming. Figure 1 shows four processes running simultaneously. While previous versions of Windows mainly ran on desktop and laptop computers, Windows 8 is also designed to run on tablets. Because of this, the interface has been simplified so it will work with touchscreens.
An operating system manages all of the hardware and software on a computer. Without it, the computer would be useless. There are many new features and changes in Windows 8, both small and large. These changes include a redesigned interface , online features , and improved security. The first thing you'll notice about Windows 8 is that it looks totally different from previous versions of Windows. On many operating systems, each process has its own memory space.
This means that this memory is not available to other processes. In this case, the space direction of the process is spoken. When they are multi-purpose programs, an operating system must provide the following number of mechanisms:. The core part of an operating system is its core. Today monolithic nuclei are the most popular. These cores provide a way for different processes in the computer to send messages between them, while managing the RAM that stores program information.
Most cores also provide drivers or device drivers for controlling monitors, hard disks, and other paraphernalia. Probably the feature that can define operating systems is the connection that provides between hardware, software and, in some cases, the user interface. One can use the installation media which would be in some DVD file.
There can be some ISO file too which one might have download from the Microsoft. One can easily run and then all the information is found by it automatically and would upgrade itself to some newer version. There are actually two methods using what the upgrade can take place.
One can do some clean installation and can do the in place upgrade. The in place upgrade is that when one upgrades the windows, all the application stay same and nothing is changed at all. This can happen when someone puts in the DVD and then starts the process. Then, the upgrades take place and the OS doesn't get restarted and one can continue using it. The clean install means that the whole drive is erased first and then the windows are installed.
It is done the same way like a windows is installed. This gives advantage when one doesn't want to have the same settings and the files and want to have new window where he can again install the software's he needs. Mostly people install the in place upgrade since it becomes easy for them to continue working again in the same environment. There one can find the compatibility for the windows 7 when gives one the right to get upgrades easily.
It provides the chance to upgrade to some more of the powerful version of same type of windows. Like, if someone is using home premium, then the next update version he would be doing is the Windows 7 Professional. One would like performing the windows anytime upgrading since it's easy. This happens when the window is on. One doesn't really have to restart the system and one can do it while the computer stays on all the time.
There is another thing that should be kept in mind that the upgrading and the downgrading are done only when there is other version.
It cannot be done on the bases of 32 bits and the 64 bits OS. Like, if someone is using 32 bit, he can't use in place upgrading to get upgraded to 64 bit and if one is using the 64 bit, he can't downgrade to the 32bit using that tool. But, there is the migration tool given my MS which allows one to make the moves easy. There is some another great feature which is available in the market. That is the Upgrade Advisor. It is run automatically and it scans all of the hardware. Then, the applications are looked through and then the information is given that one should know about.
Also, it tells when there is an upgrade and when someone can actually perform that. Also, one can contact the manufacturer for the machine too to know if there are some new drives available for the latest updates. Hence, one should know about all the versions that Microsoft windows have since all of them contain some special features which are specially designed to cater the needs of a specific segment.
Also, the upgrading, downgrading of the windows should be done when someone feels that he want some additional features. For this purpose, one can take the help of the OS advisor which is already provided by the Microsoft. A confirmation link was sent to your e-mail.
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